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Forgery is used by some governments and non-state actors as a tool of covert operation, disinformation and black propaganda. Letters, currency, speeches, documents, and literature are all falsified as a means to subvert a government’s political, military or economic assets. Forgeries are designed to attribute a false intention and aspirations on the intended target. They force the targeted government to spend a large amount of resources to refute the forgery. Forgeries are an effective tool because of their ability to hold influence even after being proven false. ==Notable examples of forgeries== *"Cador Letter" – a diplomatic note delivered to the American government in August 1810 that caused the U.S. to resume non-intercourse with Great Britain in February 1811 *De Lôme Letter – criticized U.S. President William McKinley's stance on Cuba, published in the ''New York Journal'' *Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion – an anti-Semitic document first published in 1903 in Russia and later in Nazi Germany, outlined plans for Jewish world domination *Zinoviev Letter – published in the British press in 1924, days before the national election, aided in the Conservative Party's victory *Tanaka Memorial – published in 1927, outlined Japan’s plans for world domination, used as anti-Japanese propaganda during World War Two *US Army Field Manual 30-31B – first appeared in Turkey in 1975, outlined US plans for subversion of foreign governments *Eisenhower-Rockefeller Letter – first surfaced in ''Neues Deutschland'' on 15 February 1957, outlined a plan for U.S world domination using economic assistance as a guise for military pacts and political control〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol5no1/html/v05i1a03p_0001.htm )〕 *Kirkpatrick Speech – first published on February 6, 1983, in the Indian newspaper ''Link'', text of a supposed speech made by UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick outlining a plan for the Balkanization of India *1984 Olympics KKK Leaflet – circulated by the Soviet Union, threatened the lives of non-white athletes participating in the games, distributed to the Olympic committees of African and Asian nations *1958 Ceske Slovo – entire issue published by Czech intelligence service, carried anti-West propaganda and announced that the newspaper was going out of existence because its editors were disillusioned with the West〔 *"Strategic Plan of the Israeli Army for 1956-57" – published in the Indian Bombay ''Blitz'', outlined false Israeli plans for expansion in the Middle East and Western involvement〔 *Carlos-Reagan Letter – passed to Spanish media in 1981, encourages the Spanish monarch to destroy his left-wing opposition and declares U.S support for Spain in dispute of Gibraltar *The Sisson Documents – obtained by Edgar Sisson in 1918, professed Bolshevik leaders to be under control of the German government, leaders were being used to draw Russia out of World War I *Weinberger Speech – transcript of an address given by Secretary Caspar Weinberger on the Strategic Defense Initiative, claimed that the United States would use its nuclear power to coerce the Soviet Union and prevent "unfavorable" developments in NATO so the United States could continue to control Europe *Durenberger-Romerstein letter – surfaced in U.S news media, purported to discuss a proposed plan to exploit the Chernobyl disaster for propaganda purposes〔Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (September 23, 1986) “MEETING THE ESPIONAGE CHALLENGE: A REVIEW OF UNITED STATES COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY PROGRAMS”〕 *Habbush letter – a letter linking Saddam Hussein to al-Qaeda and the 9/11 attacks *"John H" letter – surfaced first in ''Beirut Al-Masaa'' and later ''Daily Review of the Soviet Press'' and China's NCNA, attempted to demonstrate Western expansion in Lebanon. The text of the forged document reads: *Niger uranium forgeries – of unproven origin, depicted Saddam Hussein's attempt to purchase yellowcake uranium from Niger. The information from this forgery was used in President George W. Bush's 2003 State of the Union address 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Forgery as covert operation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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